![]() Apparatus and method for crushing and / or crushing crop residues from row crops.
专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device and a method for comminution and / or crushing of crop residues from rows of cultivations, in particular roots which are fixed in the soil and are provided with roots. Known machines are used to mechanically comminute plant stalks after harvesting. These machines, however, lead to an inadequate result since they often only destroy part of the stubble. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a device which can crush and / or crush the grounding and grounding stubble more reliably and at low cost than known devices. The object is achieved for the apparatus (1) for the comminution and / or crushing of crop residues (2) of series cultures, 公开号:CH711616A2 申请号:CH01177/16 申请日:2016-09-09 公开日:2017-04-13 发明作者:Sieber Marco;Rölli Kilian 申请人:Sima Invest Ag; IPC主号:
专利说明:
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a device for the comminution and / or crushing of crop residues from rows of cultivations, in particular soil stuck, roots or stubble. [0002] Harvesting residues, in particular those which are stuck in the soil and are still provided with roots or stubble (with or without roots), must be destroyed after harvesting in such a way that pests, for example the corn borer in corn stubble, Stubble can nest and overwinter. [0003] Successful mechanical destruction of the stubble and other crop residues can largely dispense with environmentally harmful pesticides. For this reason, this issue has a high regard in agriculture. [0004] In order to be able to dispense with environmentally harmful pest control agents, stubble sitting in the soil must be destroyed or felled as completely as possible. The destruction and stiffening of the stubble is, however, often difficult because a part of the stubble is above the earth and the roots of the stubble are in the soil. Depending on the cultivation of the crop, a large number of crop residues remain on the field. Similarly, in the case of different types of cultivars, for example maize varieties, which are differentiated according to silo maize or grain maize, there are different amounts of crop residues in the field. With known machines, such as the disc harrow, the chain disc harrow, the mulching machine or the knife roller machine, an attempt is therefore made to mechanically comminute plant stubs after harvesting. [0006] However, all of these machines lead to an inadequate result since they often only destroy part of the stubble. This leaves the pests enough survival space. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a device for the comminution and / or crushing of crop residues from row cultures, the stubble which is fixed in the soil and provided with roots and ground stubble, with or without roots, more reliable and more cost-effective Crushing and / or crushing as known machines. [0008] The invention relates to a device for the comminution and / or crushing of crop residues of row cultures, the device comprising at least one vertically arranged fixed body and at least one body rotatable about a horizontal axis parallel to the at least one vertically arranged fixed body , And between the at least one fixed body and the at least one driven body which is rotatable about a horizontal axis, a passage for the rejects is arranged, the cross section of which is at least in some cases narrower than the cross section of the rejects passing through the passage,Characterized in that the vertically arranged fixed body is a beam or a disc, and that at least one further means for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues is arranged on the beam or disc. [0009] In this case, it is provided that the device according to the invention is attached to a machine which is moved along the vertically standing or lying stubble to be removed. For example, the device can be arranged for comminution and / or crushing of crop residues on a ground milling machine, in particular a strip milling machine. Strip milling are machines or devices in which a plurality of milling cutters are arranged on one axis. Since milling and especially strip milling are provided with rotating knives, they are particularly well suited for use in the present invention. With little effort, the existing machine can be converted by the farmer or agricultural machine mechanic for stubble processing by the device according to the invention after harvesting. When the machine is guided with the apparatus arranged on the machine for comminution and / or crushing of crop residues along the harvested row cultures, the harvest residues, in particular the stubble, are transferred to the passage between the fixed body and the driven one, Axis rotatable body (for example, the rotating knives of the milling cutter). Since the cross-section of the passage for the crop residues is narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues carried out, these are crushed and crushed. [0011] It is a part of the invention that the device for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues consist of at least one vertically arranged, fixed body and at least one driven, rotatable body arranged parallel thereto. The rotatable body rotates about a horizontally arranged axis. [0012] Accordingly, it is possible for the device to consist of a vertically arranged fixed body and a driven body arranged parallel thereto and rotatable about a horizontal axis. This embodiment of the invention creates a passage which is arranged between the fixed body and the rotating body. [0013] It is likewise provided that the device consists of a vertically arranged fixed body and two driven rotating bodies arranged parallel thereto, wherein the vertically arranged fixed body is arranged between the parallel arranged driven rotating bodies, and the device thus has two passages for the harvest residues includes. [0014] It is also conceivable that the device consists of two vertically arranged fixed bodies, and a driven body rotatable about a horizontal axis is arranged between the two vertically arranged fixed bodies. By this arrangement of the fixed bodies and the driven rotating body, the device includes two passages for the rejects. [0015] The fixed body is a vertically arranged beam or a vertically arranged disk. [0016] The beam or the disk can, for example, be arranged between two cutting edges or knives (a counter-milling cutter or a constant grinding machine). In this case, it is provided that the beam or the disk is arranged between the milling cutters of the floor milling machine or strip milling so that a bottleneck (passage) occurs between the two milling cutters and the pane or the beam whose cross section is at least smaller in areas than the cross section Of the stubble to be processed. Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues is arranged on the beam or the disk, at least on the side facing the at least one driven rotating body. [0018] The at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues may be a knife, a log or an elevation. [0019] For example, the at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues may be a fixed blade, a log in any shape or an elevation in the form of a third shell, a half shell or a whole shell. In the event that the at least one further means is an elevation in the form of a third shell, a half shell or an entire shell, provision is made for the shell to be designed as a bent sheet metal or as a curved projection. The at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues can furthermore be made in one piece with the fixed body or, by means of, for example, welding methods, screws or rivets, can be subsequently fixed permanently to the fixed body. [0020] Different plants such as maize, sugar cane or reed have differently thick stalks and thus differently thick stubble after harvesting. If, for example, the stem of a stop ice has a diameter of two centimeters, it is advantageously provided that the cross-section of the passage between the driven rotating body and the fixed body can be adjusted in such a way that the cross-section of the passage is less than two centimeters. In general, it is provided that the cross-section of the passage is adjustable. This is achieved, for example, by a locking means which keeps the driven rotating body at a preset distance from the fixed body. In order to cover as much as possible all conceivable plants, it is also provided that the cross-section of the passage between the fixed body and the driven rotating body is between 2 to 50 millimeters, preferably between 2 to 40 millimeters, more preferably between 2 and 30 millimeters Most preferably between 2 to 20 millimeters. An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the driven body, which is rotatable about a horizontal axis, is a rotating disk on which at least one elevation and / or at least one cutting tool is arranged on each side facing the stationary body. It is also conceivable that cutting tools are used which consist of a plurality of driven rotating knives. Cutting tools are suitable as cutting tools, in particular also such as are customarily used in milling or strip milling. [0025] The elevation and / or the cutting tool are preferably made of steel or cast iron. [0026] If the rotating disk is provided with elevations, it is provided that at least partial regions of these elevations extend with a small distance past the fixed body. In this case, it is provided that the small distance is narrower than the passage for the crop residues. By means of this arrangement it is achieved that the crop residues between the rotating disc with the elevations and the stationary body, which likewise has at least one further means for comminution and / or crushing, are crushed. [0027] It can also be provided that, instead of or in addition to the elevations, cutting tools, eg fixed knives, are arranged on the rotating disk. By the rotation of the fixed knives arranged on the rotating disk, the rejects which pass through the passage are cut. The at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues and the at least one arranged elevation and / or the cutting tool at a different distance on the rotating disk on the side facing the fixed body is at least one of the at least one further device From the center of the rotating disk. [0029] It is provided for all embodiments that the device according to the invention can be arranged on milling, strip milling or other agricultural machines. It is also conceivable for several devices according to the invention to be arranged next to one another. According to the number of devices according to the invention arranged side by side, single or several rows of crop residues can be processed simultaneously. It is provided that up to 36 devices can be arranged next to one another. Advantageously, 1 to 24 devices are arranged next to one another, preferably 1 to 18 devices and particularly preferably 1 to 12 devices. Furthermore, it is provided that one device according to the invention is arranged on the milling or stapling line per stubble row. The invention relates to a device for the comminution and / or crushing of crop residues from rows of stalks, in particular ground stubble and roots, and ground stubble, with or without roots, the device comprising at least one vertically arranged, fixed body And at least one body, which is rotatable about a horizontal axis parallel to the at least one fixed body, and wherein a passage is arranged between the at least one vertically arranged fixed body and the at least one driven body which is rotatable around a horizontal axis, Sectional area is at least narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues passing through the passage,Is also solved in that the driven body, which is rotatable about a horizontal axis, is a rotating disk on which at least one elevation and / or at least one cutting tool is arranged on each side facing the stationary body. [0031] It is also conceivable that cutting tools are used which consist of a plurality of driven rotary knives rotating in a circle. Cutting tools are suitable as cutting tools, in particular also such as are customarily used in milling or strip milling. [0033] The elevation and / or the cutting tool are preferably made of steel or cast iron. [0034] If the rotating disk is provided with elevations, it is provided that at least partial regions of these elevations extend with a small distance past the fixed body. In this case, it is provided that the small distance is narrower than the passage for the crop residues. By this arrangement it is achieved that the crop residues between the rotating disk with the raised portions and the fixed body, which can be a disk or a bar, can be crushed. [0035] It can also be provided that, instead of or in addition to the elevations, cutting tools, eg fixed knives, are arranged on the rotating disk. By the rotation of the fixed knives arranged on the rotating disk, the rejects which pass through the passage are cut. [0036] The object is also achieved by a vertically arrangeable fixed body which is used in a device described above. It is provided that the vertically settable fixed body is a beam or a disk and at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues is arranged on the beam or the disk, and wherein the at least one further means for comminution and / / Or crushing the crop residues is a knife, a log or an elevation. [0038] For example, the at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues may be a fixed blade, a block in any shape or a third bowl. In the event that the at least one further means is a third shell, it is provided that the third shell is designed as a circularly curved sheet or as a curved projection. The at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues can also be manufactured in one piece with the fixed body or, by means of, for example, a welding process, subsequently fixed to the fixed body. The object of the invention is also achieved by means of a method for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues from rows of stalks, in particular roots stuck in the soil and roots, and stubble on the ground, with or without roots, using the above-described device For the comminution and / or crushing of crop residues, comprising the steps of: a) applying the device to the soil with the crop residues of row cultures, b. Moving the device along the series of crop residues whereby the device is immersed in the soil and the crop residues pass through the passageway and are thereby crushed and / or crushed. [0040] The device plunges into the ground when the device is guided along the stubble. This is because the device is either pressed into the ground or a cultivator tine or the like is arranged on the device or the fixed body which is slightly bent downwards. Through the feed of the machine, the cultivator tines and thus a part of the device is pulled into the reach of up to fifteen centimeters and guided therein. By dipping the device into the soil with the harvest residues, it is achieved that the stoppers below the earth's surface are detected at the roots. Furthermore, if the device according to the invention is equipped with a cutting tool, the stubble can be cut deep in the root and fed to the squeezing operation. [0042] In front of the apparatus according to the invention or the machine equipped with the apparatus according to the invention, an additional tool, for example a coulter, can be provided which sets up standing stubble so that each stubble is detected by the apparatus according to the invention. The device according to the invention can also be provided with a stone protection. It is also contemplated that a feeding device, for example a Klutenräumer, a funnel, a funnel-shaped plate or a plow, can be arranged in front of the device according to the invention, so that in step b. Of the method, are fed to the passage for the harvest residues of the device according to the invention. The device according to the invention can be guided into the soil either above the ground or at least three to 15 centimeters. Thus, stubble can be detected deeply at the root and crushed and / or additionally cut or torn off. [0045] The use of a modified milling machine or strip mill suitable for stubble processing is particularly advantageous. The rotating knives immersed in the soil cut the stubble at the root, at the same time mixing the chopped harvested with the earth, and then cover the chopped harvested with earth. It is also possible to mount a freely rotating disk, for example a six disk, in front of the device according to the invention for comminution and / or crushing of crop residues. The disc allows to cut exposed harvests before they are fed to the device according to the invention. The preassembled, free-rotating disc can be used to prevent clogging of the device. [0047] If many crop residues are present in the field, a mulching roller or mulching machine can be attached before the device or the machine which is equipped with the device, preferably before the towing vehicle, which comminutes the crop residues as preparation. [0048] It is also advantageously provided that the process of covering with soil (after comminution and / or crushing by the device according to the invention) is supported by means of a tracked packer roller or milling cutter. [0049] In this way, debris residues are additionally comminuted, placed under the soil, and the soil is leveled and solidified. [0050] This intensive soil cultivation provides the ideal seedbed for sowing a new culture. [0051] For this purpose, a sowing machine can be attached directly after the stubble processing device according to the invention. [0052] Thus, in one pass and without the use of pest control means, crop residues can be mechanically destroyed, whereupon they can be sown again in the same pass. This saves working time, fuel and machine costs. [0053] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to drawings, but not by way of limitation. Show it 1 shows a first embodiment of the device for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues of row cultures, in a perspective view, FIG. 2 shows a vertically arranged fixed body with cultivator tines and further means for comminuting and / or crushing a device for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues of row cultures, in a perspective view, FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of the apparatus for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues from rows, FIG. 4 shows the further embodiment of the device for comminution and / or crushing of crop residues from row cultures, in top view, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a vertically arranged fixed body of a further embodiment of the device for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues from rows, FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a device for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues from row cultures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the device 1 for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues from rows of stalks, in particular standing or lying stubble, which are fixed in the soil and provided with roots. The device 1 has a vertically arranged fixed body 3 and two bodies 4 which are driven parallel to the at least one fixed body 3 and can be rotated about a horizontal axis. The driven rotatable or rotating body 4 thus rotates about a horizontally arranged axis. This axis extends through the center M of the driven rotating body 4. Between the fixed body 3 and the driven rotating body 4 arranged on the respective side there is arranged in each case a passage for the crop residues 2. The passageway covers the entire free space between the fixed body 3 and the respectively arranged driven rotating body 4 arranged in parallel. By virtue of the fact that further means 6 and / or elevations or cutting tools 7b are arranged in the passage, the cross-section of the passage is narrower in regions than the cross-section of the cut-offs 2 passing through the passage, here stopping. As shown, the vertically arranged fixed body 3 is a beam or a disk. On the beam or the disc, a further means 6 is arranged on the side facing the driven rotating body 4 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the means 6 for the crushing and / or crushing of the crop residues is an elevation 6c, which is in the form of a third shell. The further means 6 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues, which is an elevation 6c in the form of a third shell, and the cutting tools 7b arranged on the rotating disk 4 (on the side facing the fixed body 3) are arranged in a different one Distance from the center M of the rotating disk 4. Thus, they embrace each other and form the passage. [0060] FIG. 2 shows the vertically arranged fixed body 3 in a perspective view. Preferably, the vertically arranged fixed body 3 is made of cast steel or cast iron. The stationary body is shown with a cultivator tine 8. Further means 6 for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues are arranged on both sides of the fixed body. It is also possible to provide on the fixed body means which promote or channel the flow of the stubble or other crop residues. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of the device 1 for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues 2 from rows of stalks, in particular standing or lying stubble, which are fixed in the soil and provided with roots, or stubble free on the ground. The device 1 has a vertically arranged fixed body 3 and two rotatable bodies 4, which are driven parallel to the at least one fixed body 3 and rotate about an axis which is arranged horizontally relative to the ground. A passage for the crop residues 2 is arranged in each case between the fixed body 3 and the driven body 4, which is arranged on the respective side and is rotatable about a horizontal axis. The passageway covers the entire free space between the fixed body 3 and the respectively arranged driven rotating body 4 arranged in parallel. By virtue of the fact that elevations 7 are arranged in the passage, the cross-section of the passage in regions is narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues 2 passing through the passage, here stopping. Since the device is arranged on an agricultural machine and is driven along the crop residues of row crops (stubble rows), these stubble are compulsorily guided and crushed by means of the propulsion of the agricultural machine (for example milling machine). Since the machine is moved in the direction of travel, new stubble is always fed to the crushing and comminution process. In FIG. 4, the apparatus 1 according to the invention is shown in plan view for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues 2 from rows of stalks, in particular stubble-stopping and roots provided stubble. The device 1 has a fixed body 3 and two bodies 4 which are driven parallel to the at least one fixed body 3 and can be rotated about a horizontal axis. Between the fixed body 3 and the driven rotatable body 4 arranged on the respective side, a passage 5 is arranged for the crop residues 2, respectively. Each passage 5 comprises the entire free space between the fixed body 3 and the respective rotatable body 4 arranged in parallel. Due to the fact that sharp-edged elevations 7a are arranged on the driven rotatable body 4, the cross-section of the passage 5 is narrower in regions Section of the crop residues 2 passing through the passage, here stubble. Thus, the stubble 2 is crushed and cut when the device is guided along the stubble row by the propulsion of the machine.
权利要求:
Claims (9) [1] In FIG. 5, the vertically arranged fixed body 3 is shown in a perspective view. Preferably, the vertically arranged fixed body 3 is made of cast steel or cast iron. By the illustrated embodiment of the vertically arranged fixed body 3, lying stubble can be erected before entering the passage. Likewise, the deflection of stones from the passage can be achieved by the shape. FIG. 6 shows the side view of the second embodiment of the device 1 for crushing and / or crushing crop residues of row cultures. The device 1 has a vertically arranged, fixed body 3 and at least one (visible) body, which is driven to the at least one fixed body 3 and is rotatable about a horizontal axis. A means 6 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues in the form of a triangular elevation is shown on the fixed body 3. The driven body, which is rotatable about a horizontal axis, is a rotating disk. Three elevations 7a are arranged on the rotating disk on the side facing the stationary body 3. The further means 6 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues and the three elevations 7a arranged on the rotating disk (on the side facing the stationary body 3) are arranged at a different distance from the center M of the rotating disk. Thus, they do not interfere with one another, but promote the crushing operation. claims Three elevations 7a are arranged on the rotating disk on the side facing the stationary body 3. The further means 6 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues and the three elevations 7a arranged on the rotating disk (on the side facing the stationary body 3) are arranged at a different distance from the center M of the rotating disk. Thus, they do not interfere with one another, but promote the crushing operation. claims Three elevations 7a are arranged on the rotating disk on the side facing the stationary body 3. The further means 6 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues and the three elevations 7a arranged on the rotating disk (on the side facing the stationary body 3) are arranged at a different distance from the center M of the rotating disk. Thus, they do not interfere with one another, but promote the crushing operation. claims The further means 6 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues and the three elevations 7a arranged on the rotating disk (on the side facing the stationary body 3) are arranged at a different distance from the center M of the rotating disk. Thus, they do not interfere with one another, but promote the crushing operation. claims The further means 6 for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues and the three elevations 7a arranged on the rotating disk (on the side facing the stationary body 3) are arranged at a different distance from the center M of the rotating disk. Thus, they do not interfere with one another, but promote the crushing operation. claims (DE). (EN) The invention relates to a device (1) for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues (2) from rows of stalks, in particular ground stubble or root stubble ) And at least one body (4) which is driven parallel to the at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and is rotatable around a horizontal axis, and between the at least one fixed body (3) and the at least one driven body which can be rotated around a horizontal axis (2), the cross - section of which is at least in some cases narrower than the cross - section of the crop residues (2) passing through the passage (5), characterized in that the cross -Characterized in that the vertically arranged fixed body (3) is a beam or a disk, and that at least one further means (6) for crushing and / or crushing the harvesting residues (2) is arranged on the beam or disk. [2] 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one further device for cutting and / or crushing the harvest residues comprises a knife, a pad, is. [3] 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the elevation is formed in the form of a third shell, a half shell or an entire shell. [4] 4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driven body (4), which is rotatable about a horizontal axis, is a rotating disc, on which at least one elevation (7a) is arranged on each side facing the fixed body (3) And / or at least one cutting tool (7b) is arranged. [5] 5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one further means for comminuting and / or crushing the harvest residues and the rotating disk on the vertically arranged fixed body (7a) and / or the cutting tool (7b) are arranged at a different distance from the center point (M) of the rotating disk. [6] 6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (1) comprises at least one vertically arranged, fixed body (3), the device (1) being designed for comminution and / or crushing of crop residues (2) of rows of stalks, in particular soil stubble or roots ) And at least one body (4) which is driven parallel to the at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and is rotatable about a horizontal axis, wherein between the at least one vertically arranged fixed body (3) and the at least one vertically arranged, (2), the cross-section of which is at least in some cases narrower than the cross-section of the crop residues (2) passing through the passage (5), the cross-section (5)Characterized in that the driven body (4), which is rotatable about a horizontal axis, is a rotating disc, on which at least one elevation (7a) and / or at least one cutting tool (7b) is arranged on each side facing the vertically arranged fixed body (3) ) Is arranged. [7] 7. The vertically adjustable fixed body (3) for use in a device (1) according to claim 1 or claim 6, wherein the vertically settable fixed body (3) is a beam or a disc and at least one further means is provided on the beam or disc (6a), a block (6b), or a blade (6b) is arranged between the cutting edges (6) for comminuting and / or crushing the crop residues (2), and the at least one further means (6) for crushing and / or crushing the crop residues (2) Increase (6c). [8] 8. A method for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues (2) from rows of stalks, in particular ground stubble or root stubble or stubble, using the device (1) for comminution and / or crushing of crop residues (2) ) According to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of a. Applying the device (1) to the ground with the harvesting residues (2) of row cultures, b. Moving the device along the series of crop residues whereby the device immerses in the soil and the crop residues pass through the passage and are thereby crushed and / or crushed. [9] 9. A method for comminuting and / or crushing crop residues of row cultures according to claim 8, characterized in that-before step a. A feeding device is arranged in front of the device, whereby during step b. Which are exposed on the ground, are fed to the passage (5) for the crop residues (2).
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 CH711616B1|2017-07-31| DE102015115554A1|2017-03-16|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 DE3727535C2|1986-11-07|1996-02-08|Biso Maschf Gmbh|Picking device for harvesting straw crops, in particular maize| DE102013011272A1|2013-07-05|2015-01-08|Baß Antriebstechnik GmbH|Agricultural implement and method for processing plant stoppers|
法律状态:
优先权:
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 DE102015115554.0A|DE102015115554A1|2015-09-15|2015-09-15|Apparatus for crushing and / or crushing crop residues from row crops| 相关专利
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